Albuterol is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Albuterol is a bronchodilator. Albuterol is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and widening the airways. This makes breathing easier. Do not give albuterol in an inhalation form to children under 4. Tell your doctor if you have or have a history of any heart disease, high blood pressure, rapid/uneven heart rate, convulsion episodes, diabetes, a hormonal condition called hyperthyroidism, or low levels of potassium in your blood.